The results of these two studies show that agitation and some psychotic symptoms may be abated within an hour after antipsychotic injection. Outcomes from this trial indicate that antipsychotic medications effectively reduce symptoms of amphetamine psychosis, the newer generation and more expensive antipsychotic medication, olanzapine, demonstrates significantly better tolerability than the more affordable and commonly used medication, haloperidol.There are other two studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria for this review. Only one RCT of treatment for amphetamine psychosis has been published. The results show that both olanzapine and haloperidol at clinically relevant doses were efficacious in resolving psychotic symptoms, with the olanzapine condition showing significantly greater safety and tolerability than the haloperidol control as measured by frequency and severity of extrapyramidal symptoms. The study involved 58 participants and compared the efficacy and tolerability of two antipsychotic drugs, olanzapine (a newer antipsychotic) and haloperidol (a commonly used antipsychotic medication used as a control condition), in treating amphetamine-induced psychosis. The comprehensive searches found one randomised controlled trial of treatment for amphetamine psychosis meeting the criteria for considering studies. The Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) with 95% CI was used to assess the continuous data. The Relative Risk (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to assess the dichotomous data. Dichotomous data were extracted on an intention-to-treat basis in which the dropouts were assigned as participants with the worst outcomes. Two authors evaluated and extracted the data independently. MEDLINE (1966-2007), EMBASE (1980-2007), CINAHL (1982-2007), PsychINFO (1806-2007), CENTRAL (Cochrane Library 2008 issue 1), references of obtained articles.Īll randomised controlled and clinical trials (RCTs, CCTs) evaluating treatments (alone or combined) for people with amphetamine psychosis To evaluate risks, benefits, costs of treatments for amphetamine psychosis. It has long been believed that dopamine antagonists, such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and thioridazine, are effective for the treatment of amphetamine psychosis. One of the complicating characteristics of amphetamine psychosis is the large individual variation in response both quantitatively and qualitatively.Chronic amphetamine users may have experience of paranoia and hallucination. Although a psychotic episode may occur after a single large dose of amphetamine, most cases involve repeated administration of the drug. Of the hundreds of documented cases of amphetamine psychosis, the most consistently reported symptom is the emergence of paranoid ideation. The first mention of an experimentally induced psychosis in volunteers who were given amphetamine came in 1944. The first report of a paranoid psychosis precipitated by amphetamine use followed only a few years later in 1938. Amphetamine was first marketed in the 1930s. Scoville described some cases of paranoid psychoses seen in narcoleptic patients treated with high doses of amphetamine and cautioned against indiscriminate use of “benzedrine therapy”. Bloomberg first reported that amphetamine had therapeutic value in the treatment of narcolepsy in 1935.
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